抗壞血酸葡糖苷;L-抗壞血酸 2-葡糖甙 (AA2G);L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside

2-O-Α-D-吡喃葡糖基-L-抗壞血酸;抗壞血葡萄糖苷;

L-抗壞血酸2-葡糖苷;

2-O-ALPHA-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗壞血酸;抗壞血酸葡萄糖苷;

2-O-Α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗壞血酸;抗壞血酸葡糖苷的應用

英文同義   Ascofresh;

L-Ascorbic acid, 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-;

AA-2G;ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside;

ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE, ASCORBIC ACID-2- GLUCOSIDE;

2-O-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-L-ASCORBIC ACID;

L-Ascorbic acid 2-o-alpha-glucoside;

Pyrido(1,2-A)indol-6(7H)-one, 8,9-dihydro-7-(hydroxy(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-10-propyl-, (R*,S*)-

性質

熔點158-163℃

沸點785.6±60.0 °C(Predicted)

密度1.83±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)

儲存條件2-8°C

酸度系數(pKa)3.38±0.10(Predicted)

形態Powder

顏色White to Off-white

水溶解性Soluble in water. (879 g/L) at 25°C.

最大波長(λmax)260nm(H2O)(lit.)

InChIKeyMLSJBGYKDYSOAE-DCWMUDTNSA-N

分子式：C12H18 O11

分子量：338.26

純度：98% 性狀與特性：白色結晶性粉末，無臭，無氣味。比維生素C更容易溶解。

L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside的結構

AA2G結構，維生素C中的第二個碳上的羥基起重要的生物活性作用，而天然維生素C失活和變質也正是在這個部位。L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside是通過酶的作用將維生素C與淀粉合成的，其將葡萄糖與活躍的羥基可逆的結合，以使整個結構保持活性。

維生素C（抗壞血酸）能夠用來使肌膚更明亮，更健康，更年輕的功效已廣為人們熟知。科學研究表明維生素C提亮美白肌膚的功效來自于其抑制黑色素形成及減少黑色素的能力。但將維生素C應用于健康和美容配方面臨諸多挑戰，受熱，氧化，與金屬離子以及化妝品中其他常用成分的反應，都能輕易使維生素C失去生物活性。這會導致其成分在化妝品配方中變色，并且使得其帶來的使肌膚更健康更年輕的功效大打折扣。為解決這個問題，日本林原國際（Hayashibara）與一位知名的化學家合作，用一種新型的酶制劑將維生素C與葡萄糖合成出了一種新物質。這種物質形成了一種特殊的穩定的維生素C，叫做L-抗壞血酸2-葡萄糖苷（L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside）。這種維生素C衍生物，商品名簡稱為AA2G，具備卓越的配方穩定性，能夠從本質上抑制變色和降解，同時保留了全部生物活性，以達到提亮美白，抵御紫外線照射以及抗衰老的功效。

2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is a glucosylated derivative of L-ascorbic acid that has antioxidant and radioprotective activities. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH;) radicals in a cell-free assay (EC50 = 61 μM in 60% ethanol). AA-2G (5 mM) inhibits γ-radiation-induced cell death in CHO-10B2 and radiosensitive xrs5 cells, as well as UVC- or broadband UVB-induced cell death in CHO-10B2 and UV-sensitive UV135 cells. It is hydrolyzed to ascorbic acid by α-glucosidase and increases serum levels of ascorbic acid in rats and guinea pigs when administered orally at doses of 19.2 and 96 mg/animal, respectively. AA-2G (19.2 mg/animal per day) reverses weight loss and inhibits subcutaneous hemorrhage in guinea pigs fed a vitamin C-deficient diet.

2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant compound found in the human body. It is produced by the enzyme tyrosinase from L-ascorbic acid and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects on skin cells. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has also been shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the proliferation of skin cells in vitro. The compound has been tested for its ability to prevent radiation damage in mice and was found to be more effective than vitamin C at preventing cell death. 2OAGA can be used as a topical treatment for skin conditions, such as acne or wrinkles, by reducing inflammation and stimulating cellular growth.

L-Ascorbic acid-2-glucoside is a glycoside.

2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant compound found in the human body. It is produced by the enzyme tyrosinase from L-ascorbic acid and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic effects on skin cells. 2-O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid has also been shown to enhance mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the proliferation of skin cells in vitro. The compound has been tested for its ability to prevent radiation damage in mice and was found to be more effective than vitamin C at preventing cell death. 2OAGA can be used as a topical treatment for skin conditions, such as acne or wrinkles, by reducing inflammation and stimulating cellular growth.

2-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid, also known as AA-2G, is a unique vitamin C derivative that has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in various fields of research and industry. In this paper, we will provide a comprehensive overview of AA-2G, covering its definition and background, physical and chemical properties, synthesis and characterization, analytical methods, biological properties, toxicity and safety in scientific experiments, applications in scientific experiments, current state of research, potential implications in various fields of research and industry, limitations, and future directions.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

AA-2G is a white or off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol, and propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 372.32 g/mol, a melting point of 187-191°C, and a pH range of 5.0-8.0. AA-2G is stable at room temperature and under acidic or neutral conditions, but it can decompose at high temperatures or under alkaline conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization:

AA-2G can be synthesized by enzymatic or chemical methods. The enzymatic method involves using alpha-glucosidase to transfer a glucose molecule from sucrose to L-ascorbic acid. The chemical method involves using 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme and other enzymes to synthesize AA-2G from glucose and L-ascorbic acid. The synthesized AA-2G can be characterized using various techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy.

Analytical Methods:

Several analytical methods have been developed to quantify AA-2G in various samples such as cosmetics, food, and biological fluids. These methods include high-performance liquid chromatography, electrochemical detection, and capillary electrophoresis.

Biological Properties:

AA-2G has been reported to exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. It can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. AA-2G can also inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and reduce inflammation. In addition, AA-2G can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.

Toxicity and Safety in Scientific Experiments:

AA-2G has been reported to be safe in scientific experiments conducted on animals and humans. It does not exhibit acute toxicity, skin irritation, or sensitization. However, long-term toxicity studies and human studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of AA-2G in various applications.

Applications in Scientific Experiments:

AA-2G has been used in various scientific experiments due to its unique properties. It can be used as an antioxidant in cell culture, animal models, and human studies. AA-2G can also be used as a skin-brightening agent in cosmetics and skincare products. In addition, AA-2G can be incorporated into food and beverages as a functional ingredient.

Current State of Research:

Currently, the research on AA-2G is focused on its potential applications in various fields such as cosmetics, food, and medicine. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of AA-2G on skin aging, skin pigmentation, and oxidative stress. In addition, AA-2G has been investigated for its potential anticancer activity.

Potential Implications in Various Fields of Research and Industry:

AA-2G has potential implications in various fields of research and industry. In the cosmetics industry, AA-2G can be incorporated into skincare products to improve skin brightness, reduce dark spots, and prevent skin aging. In the food industry, AA-2G can be used as a functional ingredient to enhance the antioxidant capacity of food products. In the medical field, AA-2G has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases.

Limitations:

Despite its potential applications, AA-2G has several limitations. It is relatively expensive compared to other vitamin C derivatives, and its stability is affected by the pH and temperature of the environment. In addition, the current research on AA-2G is limited to in vitro and animal studies, and more human studies are necessary to evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Future Directions:

There are several future directions for AA-2G research. Firstly, the development of more efficient and cost-effective synthesis methods for AA-2G is necessary to increase its availability and reduce its cost. Secondly, more studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AA-2G in various applications. Thirdly, the potential applications of AA-2G in other fields such as agriculture and environmental science should be explored. Finally, the development of new analytical methods for detecting and quantifying AA-2G in various samples is necessary to facilitate its use in research and industry.